Regen Ag & Smallholders
Regenerative agriculture focuses on improving soil biology, rather than soil chemistry. Health soil drives improvements in plant health and crop yields. While healthy soils can support healthy plants, the reverse is also true. Healthy plants send much of the sugar they produce through photosynthesis into the soil. These sugars feed soil biology and build soil organic matter. Soil microbiology acts as plants external digestive system: soil microbiology extracts minerals from the soil matrix and release them in forms that plants can easily absorb and use much more efficiently than the chemistry contained in fertilizer.
Our hypothesis is that sorghum is naturally adapted to the local soil biology: it seems plausible that the co-evolution of sorghum & the local soil biology over thousands of years means that sorghum may be better able to benefit from improvements in the soil microbiology than maize which is a comparatively “new” crop (in evolutionary timescales). We believe that there is a potentially powerful synergy when an indigenous, drought tolerant crop is grown in healthy soil that can infiltrate and store more water.
We believe that African smallholder farming systems are ideally suited to Regen Agriculture practices: key principles of regen agriculture, such as the integration of livestock into arable farming systems, are already common in many African smallholder farming systems. Greater exposure to climate hazards makes crop diversification a simple choice. Maybe most importantly regen agriculture offers smallholders the prospect of increased yields with reduced input cost. If approached pragmatically, regen agriculture can increase smallholders yields & profits in the short-term by utilizing of a phased approach that focuses initially on increasing soil fertility and rebuilding soil health before reducing herbicides, fungicides & insecticides. While no / low tillage is often seen as a core element of regen ag in smallholder farming systems we believe it should be one of the final components.
Our approach to smallholder regen ag is heavily influenced by John Kempf’s work at Advancing Eco Agriculture (AEA) and the 5 core concepts he apply to AEA’s work. We first came across John’s work at the 2024 Groundswell Regen Ag festival and his headline talk is a great introduction to his approach and the key principle that the transition to regen ag should not result in a decline in yield but rather an increase in profits! We continue to follow John’s work through his regular podcasts which provide hugely insightful & practical examples of how farmers have applied his principles in the real world.
Regen Ag: Smallholder Sorghum
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1. Foliar Fertilizer
Foliar fertilizer, applied to plant leaves in liquid form, minimizes disruption to soil (micro)biology that can supply plants with all essential nutrients needed for healthy plant growth. Foliar fertilizer also provides critical micronutrients that support complete photosynthesis & protein synthesis and plant health.
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2. Recycled Seed
Recycled seeds can ‘host’ beneficial soil fungi & bacteria from the previous season helping to ‘inoculate’ the soil and kickstart the natural soil (micro)biology.
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3. Biological Seed Treatment
Biological seed treatments strengthen the natural soil (micro)biology and are especially powerful when used in combination with foliar fertilizer & recycled seeds. Insecticide seed treatment, which is standard for commercial seeds in much of southern Africa, inhibits soils natural (micro)biology.
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4. Soil Primer
Soil primers, such as molasses, mimic the flow of plant sugars into the soil which is associated with complete photosynthesis in healthy plants - this can help to ‘kick starts’ soil (micro)biology.